Extreme Heat Risks Soar in Canadian Cities, Study Reveals

As heat warnings blanket North America this week, a new study from Statistics Canada reveals alarming health risks associated with exposure to unusually high temperatures, particularly in urban areas with a higher proportion of renters.

The study, released on Wednesday, indicates a significant increase in the risk of death during extreme heat events in most of Canada’s largest cities over the past two decades. “The risk of dying tends to increase during days defined as extreme heat events compared to days that are not extreme heat events,” said Matthew Quick, the study’s author and a research analyst at Statistics Canada.

From 2000 to 2020, approximately 670 more deaths than usual were recorded in the 12 largest Canadian cities during periods of extreme heat lasting two days or longer.

These periods of extreme heat are defined by regional criteria set by Environment and Climate Change Canada.

The study highlights that the increase in mortality rates was predominantly among people aged 65 and over. Cities less accustomed to extreme heat events saw a more significant spike in deaths when temperatures rose sharply. “That might point to acclimatization, so your body’s ability to deal with heat might also point to the degree to which adaptation measures are in place,” Quick explained.

Additionally, the research found higher mortality rates in cities with more renters, a demographic less likely to have air conditioning compared to homeowners. This finding is consistent with Quick’s previous research.

Wednesday’s study adds to a growing body of evidence showing the detrimental effects of extreme heat on vulnerable populations. It underscores the need for improved urban planning and public health strategies to mitigate these risks. Cities must invest in infrastructure and policies that protect their most vulnerable residents, particularly as climate change continues to increase the frequency and severity of heat waves.

This new research comes as North America experiences widespread heat warnings, reflecting broader global climate trends. As temperatures continue to rise, the health risks associated with extreme heat events are likely to become more pronounced, emphasizing the urgent need for adaptive measures.

The Statistics Canada study provides crucial insights into the health impacts of extreme heat, particularly in urban areas with high renter populations and older residents. As climate change accelerates, it is imperative for city planners, policymakers, and public health officials to prioritize measures that protect vulnerable populations from the escalating threat of extreme heat.

This week’s heat warnings across North America serve as a stark reminder of the importance of immediate and effective action to address the health risks posed by our warming planet.